Removing a tooth is a surgical procedure. Before recommending extraction, a dentist should explain why it is being considered, whether the tooth can be retained and the risks relevant to your medical history and the position of the tooth.
Possible risks
Pain, swelling and some bleeding can occur after extraction. Other complications include infection and dry socket, which can cause significant pain when the socket does not heal as expected. Depending on the tooth, there may also be a risk of damage to nearby teeth, altered sensation from nerve injury, or an opening into the sinus.
Not everyone has the same risk. Difficult extractions may need referral to a practitioner with relevant experience or a specialist oral surgeon. Ask which complications apply to your proposed procedure and how they would be managed.
Recovery and when to seek help
Follow the instructions provided by your treating clinician, including advice about cleaning, food, smoking and activity. Recovery varies with the procedure and your health. A fixed return-to-work timetable is not suitable for every patient.
Contact your dentist promptly for increasing pain, persistent bleeding, fever, worsening swelling or other concerns. Seek emergency care for severe bleeding that will not stop, or swelling that affects breathing or swallowing. Do not wait several days before seeking advice about significant symptoms.
Tell the dentist about medicines, allergies and health conditions before treatment. Do not stop prescribed medicines, including blood thinners, without advice from the relevant clinician.
Alternatives and what happens afterwards
Depending on the diagnosis, a filling, crown, periodontal treatment or root canal treatment may be an option. Sometimes a tooth cannot be retained. Ask about the consequences of delaying or declining treatment and whether a second assessment would help.
After extraction, replacement is not automatically required in every situation. Where appropriate, the dentist can explain options such as a denture, bridge or implant, their separate risks and the implications of leaving the space. Decide on these steps after discussing your individual needs.
For invasive or irreversible treatment, you may wish to seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner before deciding.
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This article provides general information only. An examination is needed to assess your circumstances and suitability for treatment. All dental treatment carries risks, and results vary between individuals.